加入了华德福大家庭， 对于华人的节庆开始特别的留意起来。 因为节庆是属于生活律动的一部分。 给孩子讲解清明节有关的事故、进行相关的祭拜活动、 给孩子年年清明节的诗歌等等成为我做功课的一部分， 这里和大家分享我所找到的资料。
清明节的典故：
春 秋时期，晋公子重耳为逃避迫害而流亡国外。流亡途中，在一处渺无人烟的地方，又累又饿，再也无力站起来。随臣找了半天也找不到一点吃的。正在大家万分焦 急的时候，随臣介子推走到僻静处，从自己的大腿上割下了一块肉，煮了一碗肉汤让公子喝了。重耳渐渐恢复了精神。当重耳发现肉是介子推从自己腿割下的时候， 流下了感激的眼泪。九年后，重耳作了国君，也就是历史上的晋文公。即位后文公重重赏了当年伴随他流亡的功臣，唯独忘了介子推。大家为介子推鸣不平，劝他面 君讨赏，然而介子推最鄙视那些争功讨赏的人。他打点好行装后，同母亲悄悄地到绵山隐居去了。晋文公听说以后，羞愧莫及，亲自带人去请介子推，可介子推早已 离开家去了绵山。绵山山高路险，树木茂密，找寻两个人谈何容易。于是有人献计，从三面火烧绵山，逼出介子推。大火烧遍绵山，却没见介子推的身影，火熄后， 人们才发现背着老母亲的介子推已坐在一棵老柳树下死了。
每逢介子推死的这天，大家禁止烟火来表示纪念。还用面粉和着枣泥，捏成燕子的模样，用杨柳条串起来，插在门上，召唤他的灵魂，这东西叫“之推燕”（介子推 亦作介之推）。此后，寒食、清明成了全国百姓的隆重节日。每逢寒食，人们即不生火做饭，只吃冷食。在北方，老百姓只吃事先做好的冷食如枣饼、麦糕等；在南 方，则多为青团和糯米糖藕。每届清明，人们把柳条编成圈儿戴在头上，把柳条枝插在房前屋后，以示怀念。清明插柳戴柳还有一种说法，原来中国人以清明、七月 半和十月朔为三大鬼节，是百鬼出没讨索之时。人们为防止鬼的侵扰迫害，而插柳戴柳。柳在人们的心目中有辟邪的功用。人们认为柳可以却鬼，而称之为“鬼怖 木”，观世音以柳枝沾水济度众生。北魏贾思勰《齐民要术》里说：“取柳枝著户上，百鬼不入家。”清明既是鬼节，值此柳条发芽时节，人们自然纷纷插柳戴柳以 辟邪了。 （资料来源：杭州华德福）
Qingming Festival is when Chinese people visit the graves or burial grounds of their ancestors. Traditionally, people brought a whole rooster with them to the graves visited but the occasion has become less formal over time. The festival originated from Hanshi Day (寒食节, literally, Day with cold food only), a memorial day for Jie Zitui (介子推, or Jie Zhitui, 介子推). Jie Zitui died in 636 BC in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was one of many followers of Duke Wen of Jin before he became a duke. Once, during Wen's 19 years of exile, they had no food and Jie prepared some meat soup for Wen. Wen enjoyed it a lot and wondered where Jie had obtained the soup. It turned out Jie had cut a piece of meat from his own thigh to make the soup. Wen was so moved he promised to reward him one day. However, Jie was not the type of person who sought rewards. Instead, he just wanted to help Wen to return to Jin to become duke. Once Wen became duke, Jie resigned and stayed away from him. Duke Wen rewarded the people who helped him in the decades, but for some reason he forgot to reward Jie, who by then had moved into the forest with his mother. Duke Wen went to the forest, but could not find Jie. Heeding suggestions from his officials, Duke Wen ordered men to set the forest on fire to force out Jie. However, Jie died in the fire. Feeling remorseful, Duke Wen ordered three days without fire to honour Jie's memory. The county where Jie died is still called Jiexiu (介休, literally "the place Jie rests forever"). （资料来源: Wikipedia ）
清明节活动：
清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，冷食，青团，送彩蛋等，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳戴柳、放风筝等一系列风俗活动。 （资料来源：杭州华德福〕
The Qingming Festival is an opportunity for celebrants to remember and honour their ancestors at grave sites. Young and old pray before the ancestors, sweep the tombs and offer food, tea, wine, chopsticks, joss paper accessories, and/or libations to the ancestors. The rites have a long tradition in Asia, especially among farmers. Some people carry willow branches with them on Qingming, or put willow branches on their gates and/or front doors. They believe that willow branches help ward off the evil spirit that wanders on Qingming.
On Qingming people go on family outings, start the spring plowing, sing, dance. Qingming is also the time when young couples start courting. Another popular thing to do is to fly kites in the shapes of animals or characters from Chinese opera.[5] Another common practice is to carry flowers instead of burning paper, incense or firecrackers.[4]（资料来源: Wikipedia）
（更多图画请参阅: 成都华德福学校）清明节相关文学：
唐.杜牧《清明》
清明時節雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。
借問酒家何處有？牧童遙指杏花村。
（此說始於《千家詩》。但《樊川文集》未見，此詩是否真出於杜牧之手，有待商榷。）
English translation
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;
The mourner's heart is breaking on his way.
Where can a winehouse be found to drown his sadness?
A cowherd points to Almond Flower (Xing Hua) Village in the distance.（资料来源: Wikipedia）
宋.高菊卿《清明》
南北山頭多墓田，清明祭掃各紛然。
紙灰飛作白蝴蝶，淚血染成紅杜鵑。
日落狐狸眠塚上，夜歸兒女笑燈前。
人生有酒須當醉，一滴何曾到九泉。
賞析:高菊卿為宋代詩人。在這首詩中，作者開篇即為我們描繪出了一幅愁雲慘淡的清明祭掃場面：荒郊野外，墓塚累累，紙灰飛揚，泣愁陣陣，草木為之含悲，表 現出清明節的特定氛圍。第三聯寫得非常妙，通過「狐狸眠塚上」與「兒女笑燈前」形象的對比，一掃前面的陰霾之氣，墓地荒塚的孤寂和家庭夜晚的熱鬧景象的反 差，讓人心裡為之一動，感到清明的祭掃是那樣的虛偽。正因此，作者在結尾寫道「人生有酒須當醉，一滴何曾到九泉」。作者也正是看到了現實世界人情的淡漠， 才發出了及時行樂的感嘆。
宋.黃庭堅《清明》
佳節清明桃李笑，野田荒塚只生愁。
雷驚天地龍蛇蟄，雨足郊原草木柔。
人乞祭余驕妾婦，士甘焚死不公侯。
賢愚千載知誰是，滿眼蓬蒿共一坵。
賞析:這是黃庭堅因得罪權貴蔡京而被貶宜州（今廣西宜山）時所作的一首詩。詩的開頭，描繪出春天萬木萌發，春雷動地，桃李爭豔的熱鬧景象，同時也點出清明 時節人們祭掃荒壟，愁雲黯淡的場面。但接著詩人筆鋒一轉，以「人乞祭餘驕妾婦，士甘焚死不公侯」一句，化用《莊子•齊人有一妻一妾》中的典故和介子推甘願 燒死也不願為官的典故，在對兩種不同人的人生追求的對比中，表現出作者雖遭遇挫折而志節不改的高尚人格。詩中表達了作者高尚的人生追求和價值取向，結尾雖 然說無論賢愚，最終還是化為荒塚一丘，歸於虛無，但我們細加推敲，就不難發現，作者在詩中並非是傾吐不平，而是在表明自己不願卑躬屈膝，奴顏媚骨地換取相 應地位與富貴的高潔情懷。（资料来源: 维基百科）
清明歌
清明的春
清明的天
清明的雨水天上泉
清明的阳光月亮脸
清明的花朵香满园
清明的樱桃嘴甜甜
清明的蝴蝶荡秋千
清明的小鸟捉纸鸢（资料来源: 成都华德福学校）
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